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How do you perceive and decide? Which of 8 Jungian psychological functions do you favor? The official CPA here is the world's "gold standard” assessment. It's rigorously validated on over 212,000 people since 2006. See and share your full profile in minutes.

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profile personality as 8 processes
in motion

Extraverted Sensing

Engages the immediate world and responds to real-time experience.

Books & Resources

Explore practical books, research-based guides, and learning resources on personality and cognitive processes.

Decode Your Personality: Go Beyond Myers-Briggs with 64 Subtypes

Multiple Intelligences & Personality Type: Tools & Strategies for Developing Human Potential

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Understanding Yourself and Others: An Introduction to the Personality Type Code

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Quick Guide to the 16 Types in Organizations

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Cover for Character and Personality Type

Character and Personality Type: Discovery Your Uniqueness for Career and Relationship Success

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Cover for Teaching Tales for the 16 Types

Teaching Tales for the 16 Personality Types

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Cover for Sci-Fi Stories for the 16 Types

Sci-Fi Stories for the 16 Myers-Briggs Types

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Jung on Yoga

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Dario Nardi, PhD

“If we want to talk about personality, we need to talk about development. And to do that, we need a valid way to profile people's self-experience.”

“A full century after C.G. Jung published 'psychological types', we now have a validated instrument based on his framework of dynamic, functional types.”

“Even when we make minimal 'theory' assumptions, we find that everyone perceives and decides in a way that reflects the balance or dance of opposites.”

Dario Nardi

Training and development word illustration

The 8 Jungian Cognitive Processes

In the 1920s, Swiss psychiatrist Carl Jung identified four essential mental functions — today known as cognitive processes.

We focus our attention and gather information using Sensing (S) and iNtuiting (N), and we organize our experiences and make decisions using Thinking (T) and Feeling (F). These are technical terms. For example, “feeling” in this context does not mean emotion. It refers to decisions based in values…

Validity

When asked about the validity of the Myers-Briggs types or Jung’s framework, people may rightly wonderful. Are there really eight “functions”? Do they really stack or develop in a certain way? The answer is yes!